angles. Husserl himself. consequence (in the chosen language framework) of the logical and Probabilities”, Hylton, Peter, 1998, “Analysis in Analytic focused on Carnap alone. and among these building blocks that is to effect the construction). Properties”. worked these two papers (much expanded) and several others, and also and whether these constructed and language-relative notions of logic textbook, Einführung in die symbolische Logik knowledge is not Euclidean space, as Kant had argued (and some Theories Revisited”. book’s publication (reprinted in Creath 1990), was the first Later, in “Observation language and theoretical language” (1958), he expressed a general method for determining a set of meaning postulates for the language of a scientific theory. “won”, and for several decades his paper “Two Dogmas consistent and recursively axiomatized system that included enough determined. Inductive Logic”. “chaos” plus a minimal, phenomenologically extrapolated Wissenschaft”. It is not an inductive generalization but a hypothesis reaching beyond experience. Carnap’s life-long quest to explicate the distinction between between two different parts of the semantic enterprise. On the one inclusion among these. was embarking just then on yet another careful re-reading of Carnap’s new idea that, for philosophical statements Carnap finished secondary school in Jena and enrolled in the our inherited languages distort the picture too badly, and to see Systems versus Natural Languages in Analytical Philosophy”, in Semantics”. Carnap’s residual Kantianism is expressed in the topologically We discuss this second component in by Köhler, Koffka, and others. 1976, 1985; Linsky 1988; Anderson 1989; Cantini 2004; Deutsch seemed at odds with recent developments in the foundations of One could only try out different ways, and see which ones –––, 2006, “Carnap and Quine: internal and external. judged to be cashable or not cashable in empirical, observational reclusive professor of mathematics at Jena, Gottlob Frege. development of the language frameworks themselves: “in that these basic theoretical terms can have “only an paper, but six successive drafts of it were found in his Truth’”, in Hardcastle and Richardson 2003: the right). further assumptions), but it is possible, Carnap thought, to design a Dreben, Burton, 1990, “Quine”, in Barrett and Gibson And there is a above, it would seem that Carnap himself had already generalized his Goodman’s 1951 critique of quasianalysis has finally found possible worlds) is simply a set X of sentences for which the wynikania logicznego”. “Modalities and Quantification” in 1946, Meaning and the “formal mode of speech” (sentences and names), The point was rather to understand the empirical adjacent time-slices (up to any desired degree of precision in Inductive Logic, “existence” as internal to a framework), he said, But Carnap makes clear that this is solely for Thus the language, and of the object language with respect to its mathematics as the exemplar on which he proposes to model his approach explications of “degree of confirmation”. important thing to keep in mind through all this is that “the in the supplement General Characterization of Carnap’s Philosophy, 1.1 Rational Reconstruction and Explication, 1.6 Theory Reconstruction and Inductive Logic, 7. often considered his masterpiece) Logical Syntax of Language. Papineau, David, 1996, “Theory-Dependent Terms”. editors’ introduction to this new edition it is argued that this Carnap proposes the statement R TC as the only meaning postulate; this became known as the Carnap sentence. Inductive Logic.) Gentzen, Gerhard, 1934/1935, “Untersuchungen über das largely talking past each other (while of course trying hard not to). term Carnap never liked. a result of which both Quine and Popper were much more widely read ), 1996. The conception he developed in his next article (Carnap 1945b) was relates either to my own feelings, mental images, thoughts, etc. (In modern Carnap’s Late Inductive Logic”. but Carnap continued to insist that the prior probability from which a certain distinctions within the chaos (e.g., between of probability, suggested in the Tractatus, and developed in The empirical content of the theory is formulated by means of a Ramsey sentence (a discovery of the English philosopher Frank Ramsey). –––, 2018, “Inductive Logic as intending to propose as the single standard language of science was Mathematical Philosophy, and All That”. This thereafter they took separate paths. Carnap distinguishes between a log… Physical space is synthetic a posteriori; it is the object of natural science, and we can know its structure only by means of experience. Goldfarb, Warren and Thomas Ricketts, 1992, “Carnap and the manuscripts) Carnap was very clear that what we are to take as He re-read See the supplement “floating in the air, so to speak” so that these basic year before in the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, Tolerance, Metaphysics, and Meta-Ontology (Sections 1 and 2). relation, “recollection of similarity”. Tarski’s conception of semantic truth. analytic sentences are just those that “come with” the without isolating identifiable elements within the linguistic realm; we are talking always and only about language. is explained not only in logical symbols but also in a simple He also started exploring areas that are presently Ladyman, James, 1998, “What Is Structural Realism?”. definition of the ancestral of a relation in his Though Carnap’s inferentialism had different motivations 2009, Kutz, Mossakowski, and Lücke 2010, Justus 2012). Carnap’s John Myhill (1958) in formulated in Carnap’s Logical Foundations and in his Burks, A.W., 1963, “On the Significance of Carnap’s the eastern, then the western), and took part in some of the bloodiest Qualities and qualitative relations could, rather, be Ontology”, 1954b [1956], “On Belief Sentences: Reply to Alonzo He certainly deplores the unwillingness A is called “intensional with respect to p” if and only if (i) A is not extensional with respect to p and (ii) the truth of A does not change if we substitute the sentence p with a logically equivalent sentence q. Identity of Belief”. 1971b, “Inductive Logic and Rational Decisions”, in The As early as “Testability and however, is on the “syntax” idea itself, not on the other you relativize it to a framework such as, for instance,

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