The first method of orchid propagation (and one of the most hard) is seed propagation. To obtain a high percentage of germination determining a symbiotic relationship seed-fungus (jijón-orchid meristem) This is due to the absence of endosperm in their seeds, which is a limiting factor for their development and survival in vivo (Salazar- Mercado , 2012). and by the presence of high values of essential amino acids in the liquid endosperm of the coconut.eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'mygardenguide_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_18',117,'0','0'])); However, when there are cases of oxidation in the meristem culture in addition to washing the explants with Ascorbic Acid, Thiourea and L-Cysteine, in works such as the one made with C. skinneri orchids and in the hybrid C. skinneri x C. maxima , the liquid medium was used for a greater diffusion of the phenols and the use of activated carbon in semi-solid rooting medium were practical to counteract oxidation, which produced a positive response, it is also very frequent the use of liquid culture medium in agitation and It promotes cell division and keeps dissolved the polyphenols that release tissues, cellular oxygenation and the use of nutrients is greater. ., 2001). In vitro germination techniques, which were developed in the early 1900s, have resulted in more reliable germination and propagation of many orchid taxa. As previously mentioned, the cultivation of meristems provides plants free of viruses, but there are techniques that provide a greater degree of confidence to achieve these results, among which we find thermotherapy or chemotherapy in combination with the meristem culture where: thermotherapy or heat treatment consists of raising or lowering the temperature to eliminate bacteria, mycoplasmas and inactivate viruses in whole plants, organs, tissues or meristems, when viruses are excessively harmful (Salazar, 2013) and chemotherapy is the application of chemical products to culture medium, which causes a greater probability to obtain plants free of pathogens since, when different chemotherapeutic products are applied exogenously to the culture medium, we are ensuring the obtaining of healthy material (rivero, 2007). Propagating Orchids 486 Orchids AUGUsT 2011 www.AOS.Org Because of the realization that orchids could be successfully cultivated outside of their natural habitat, they have grown in popularity immensely. The present study was conducted in an attempt to preserve this important orchid by establishing an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol using seed culture. Orchid Seed Germination. The most suitable photoperiods for seed germination and seedling tissue culture are also suitable for the cultivation of meristems (Arditti, 1993). Micropropagation is the process used to replicate plants such as orchids, the word Micropropagation means simply propagation in miniature. Large-scale multiplication of orchids using in vitroculture techniques has helped orchids occupy a position as one of the top ten cut flowers (Chugh et al., 2009). A good number of orchids with beautiful flowers are available in Bangladesh. culture media, as in results obtained in Costa Rica it was found that for the regeneration of extracted meristems, the … IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF NEPALESE ORCHIDS: A REVIEW Jaime A. Teixeira da SILVA1*, Kamal P. ACHARYA2* 1 P. O. The Vanda pumila is a monopodial orchid with beautiful flowers that are native to Thailand but now found across South Asia. In the case of orchids, the extraction of the meristem is more complex, since it starts from the germination of the seed and buds in development. Phalaenopsis or Doritaenopsis (Orchidaceae) flower stem sections cultivated in vitro on media containing 0.23–11.35 μM of N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron, TDZ) developed generally multiple shoots with the higher levels producing also protocorm-like bodies (PLB). Thus, in vitroproliferation is a suitable alternative procedure for … will talk later. Perlite Vs Vermiculite: Differences – Which One Is Better? These additives contain mixtures of vitamins and amino acids and some act as growth regulators (Pierik, 1989). Ng C-Y, Saleh N (2010) In vitro propagation of Paphiopedilum orchid through formation of protocorm-like bodies. Wild populations of Paphiopedilum are under the threat of extinction due to over-collection and loss of suitable habitats. Today, our core competence is not only in the long-standing production of orchids in the laboratory, but also in the field of production logistics. ( Skinneri’s thesis ). However, knowledge about the best formulation of the culture medium for each species is still limited, due to the fact that a large number of factors influence the in vitro germination and growth of orchids and these are highly dependent on the species ( Araújo et al 2006). A reduction in their commercial value through large-scale propagation in vitrois an option to reduce pressure from illegal collection, to attempt to meet commercial needs and to re-establish threatened species back into the wild. It is common to find that the prepared culture media are distributed in the containers that allow the entry of light and of a suitable size for the plant to be planted in said medium (glass jars regularly), covered with aluminum foil and then wrapped On periodic paper , lots are marked with the date and finally they are taken to the autoclave where they are sterilized with wet steam under pressure at 15 pounds for 20 minutes (Botero et al., 2008), this is because said means not only have optimal conditions for The growth of orchids, there is a myriad of fungi and bacteria that can grow with great ease.eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'mygardenguide_com-box-4','ezslot_1',109,'0','0'])); Under natural conditions, orchids are spread through the production and dispersion of tiny seeds, but even though each orchid capsule can contain between 200,000 and 600,000 seeds depending on the genusand the species (Botero et al., 2008), only a few germinate and have the possibility of reaching adulthood, thus hindering their mass production (Cañas, 1991). In vitro seed germination. The immature seeds of Vanda pumila were used for in vitro culture and then the protocorms developed were used as explants for seedling development and mass propagation. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology—Plant. Box 7, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan 2 Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway Received: May 23, 2014; Accepted: August 17, 2014 ABSTRACT A successful procedure was established for in vitro mass multiplication of orchid (Oncidium sp.). Thus, only a small piece of plant tissue of the orchid to be cloned (mother plant) is needed to produce a genetically absolutely identical orchid. through Protocorms Culture Sabitri Maharjan, Shreeti Pradhan, Bir Bahadur Thapa , Bijaya Pant* Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal Abstract The Vanda pumila is a monopodial orchid with beautiful flowers that are na- Natural additiveseval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'mygardenguide_com-leader-1','ezslot_19',112,'0','0'])); Currently, lovers of orchids produce their own plants in home laboratories from asymbiotic vitro germination, and for this they use organic constitutionculture media (Silva et al., 2002). Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm. (Cruz, 2011). Seedlings and lab services offered. 4.1. (Orchidiaceae) (De et al., 2006). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 105:193–202 CrossRef Google Scholar. Orchids can be easily propagated through in vitro propagation or tissue culture technique by using different plant parts as explants such as seeds, shoot tip, flower bud segment, lateral bud, young inflorescence, inflorescence, node, root, leaf and pseudobulb [5]. Activated charcoal is also an element widely used in plant tissue culture, normally at a concentration of 0.5%, it is used to stimulate rooting in bud propagation since it can absorb the cytokinin favoring an endogenous balance / auxin / cytokinin that facilitates initiation of the roots (Cheruvatour et al., 2010), The results given at 53 days from the sowing of the Comparettia speciosa seed , showed that 4,512% of swollen seed was with the Murashige treatment with IBA 1 ppm BA 1 ppm being this the best (Molina Cabrera, 2012). 2013; 49 (5):520–528. Cytokinins play a fundamental role in plant organogenesis, since they induce the formation of leaves and shoots and increase the speed of seed development and germination (Werner et al., 2001, Huan et al., 2004). Given the fact that orchid seeds don’t contain nutrients, they are able to germinate only within specific conditions. As we have seen throughout the review, there are multiple methodologies and structures that can be used for the in vitro propagation of orchids such as the cultivation of seeds and meristems (apices and buds) and thus ensure their preservation.
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